Kantha

Kantha embroidery is an indigenous household craft initially practiced by rural women of Bengal and Orissa. It involves layering up soft and worn-out clothes using a simple running stitch with colorful threads. A usual Kantha cloth has a slightly wrinkled and wavy appearance and the designs are identical on both sides. Nevertheless, each piece of Kantha is unique as there are no formal rules and all the elements like color, composition, and techniques depend on the craftsman.

History and Legend

Kantha may owe its name to kontha, the Sanskrit word for rags. The history of Kantha traces back to ancient Bengal, where women would skillfully stitch together layers of old saris and dhotis to create beautiful quilts. Originally, Kantha served as a means of recycling worn-out garments, transforming them into stunning pieces of art. Over time, this craft evolved beyond its utilitarian purpose, becoming a cherished tradition passed down through generations from mother to daughter.

Based on a legend, print Siddharta (who later became Mahatma Buddha) was donned only in a ‘chhinna Kantha’ or tattered Kantha, when he left his home in search of ultimate truth. The great thinker and philosopher Rabindranath Tagore also wrote about this incident in his poem Ebar Phirao Morey.

Technique

Kantha embroidery encompasses a wide range of products, including sarees, dupattas, quilts, and wall hangings. The identity of Kantha embroidery lies in its distinctive running stitch, known as "Kantha stitch." Traditionally, this stitch is executed by hand using a fine needle and colorful threads. The artisans skillfully create intricate patterns and motifs, ranging from floral designs to geometric shapes, using variations of the basic running stitch. The choice of material often reflects the regional variations within Kantha craft, with each region showcasing its distinct motifs and color palettes.