Pattachitra painting, also known as Patachitra painting, is a revered traditional art form practiced in Odisha, West Bengal, and parts of Bangladesh. This intricate style of painting is characterized by its meticulous linework and mythological storytelling. Pattachitra art is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology and often portrays stories from the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Geet Govind, and Bhagavad Gita. A unique aspect of traditional Pattachitra painting is its dedication to Lord Jagannath, resulting in exquisite Jagannath Pattachitra paintings.
Pattachitra artists follow traditional techniques, emphasizing stylized figures, large expressive eyes, and elaborate costumes. Natural elements like flora, fauna, and religious motifs are common themes. The vibrant use of colors and fine detailing make this folk art highly sought after by collectors and art enthusiasts worldwide.
History of Pattachitra Art
Pattachitra has a glorious history spanning over a thousand years. The origins of Pattachitra painting are linked to the 12th-century Jagannath temple in Puri, Odisha. During the Rath Yatra festival, when the temple deities are taken out in a grand procession, Pattachitra paintings of Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra temporarily replace the temple idols.
In Bengal, Pattachitra evolved uniquely, with artists known as ‘Patuas’ creating scroll paintings that narrate folklore, religious stories, and social messages. These scrolls, accompanied by traditional songs called ‘Pater Gaan,’ are an integral part of Bengal’s cultural heritage. Pattachitra painting Bengal style features diverse themes, including Radha Krishna Pattachitra painting, Durga Pattachitra painting, and contemporary social themes.
Materials and Methods Used in Pattachitra Painting
Pattachitra paintings are created using completely natural materials. The canvas, traditionally made from old cotton cloth, is treated with a mix of tamarind seed paste and chalk to create a smooth surface. Once dried, the canvas is polished before painting begins.
Natural colors are used to maintain authenticity:
White – Derived from powdered conch shells.
Black – Made from burnt coconut shells or lamp soot.
Yellow – Extracted from turmeric or yellow arsenic.
Red – Created from cinnabar.
Blue – Obtained from indigo.
Artists use fine brushes made from animal hair, typically squirrel or goat hair, tied to bamboo sticks. The process involves sketching the outlines, filling in colors, and adding intricate borders. A lacquer coating is applied to enhance durability and shine. Pattachitra painting on canvas has gained popularity, allowing modern adaptations while retaining traditional aesthetics.
Types of Pattachitra Paintings
Pattachitra paintings vary based on themes and styles. Some of the most popular forms include:
Jagannath Pattachitra Painting – Depicting Lord Jagannath and the Puri temple rituals.
Radha Krishna Pattachitra Painting – Showcasing the divine love story of Radha and Krishna.
Durga Pattachitra Painting – Illustrating Goddess Durga’s power and victory over evil.
Ganesha Pattachitra Painting – Celebrating Lord Ganesha’s wisdom and auspiciousness.
Hanuman Pattachitra Painting – Featuring Hanuman in various heroic forms.
Saraswati Pattachitra Painting – Representing Goddess Saraswati, the deity of wisdom and arts.
Pattachitra Ramayana – Depicting epic scenes from the Ramayana.
Pattachitra Fish Painting – A traditional motif symbolizing prosperity and good fortune.
Pattachitra Painting on Palm Leaf – An ancient technique where images are etched onto dried palm leaves.
Pattachitra Wall Painting – Large murals and decorative paintings adorning temple and home walls.
Significance of Pattachitra Art
Pattachitra is more than just a painting; it is a cultural and religious symbol. Used in temples and homes, Pattachitra paintings hold auspicious significance. In Odisha, these artworks are integral to religious festivals like Rath Yatra. Beyond its spiritual essence, Pattachitra is a crucial livelihood for artisan families in Odisha and Bengal.
The art form has received international recognition, with art lovers and collectors worldwide seeking authentic pieces. Many famous Pattachitra artists, such as Apaindra Swain, Manoranjan Chitrakar, and Gitanjali Das, have helped preserve and promote this traditional craft.
Buying Pattachitra Paintings Online
With growing global interest, purchasing Pattachitra paintings online has become easier. Whether you’re looking for Pattachitra wall paintings, canvas artworks, or palm leaf paintings, numerous platforms offer a variety of options. The Pattachitra painting price varies depending on the complexity, size, and medium. Investing in an authentic Pattachitra artwork is a step toward preserving India’s rich artistic heritage.
FAQs
Is Pattachitra a tribal art?
No, Pattachitra is a traditional folk art of Odisha and Bengal, primarily depicting religious and mythological themes.
How old is Pattachitra art?
Pattachitra art is over a thousand years old, originating in the 12th century with strong connections to the Jagannath temple in Puri.
Which district is famous for Pattachitra painting in Odisha?
Puri, especially the village of Raghurajpur, is renowned for Pattachitra paintings and is a heritage crafts village.
Why is Pattachitra painting famous?
Pattachitra is famous for its vibrant colors, intricate details, and deep mythological roots, making it a significant cultural and religious art form.
Which god is Pattachitra painting dedicated to?
Pattachitra paintings are mainly dedicated to Lord Jagannath, but they also depict other deities like Krishna, Rama, Shiva, Durga, and Ganesha.
Pattachitra painting continues to be a testament to India’s artistic brilliance. Whether you’re an art collector or someone who appreciates Indian culture, these traditional artworks offer a glimpse into a rich and timeless heritage.
